Joint characteristics of traditional Chinese wooden frames

古建筑残损

EngineeringStructures,Vol. 0141-0296(96)00203-0 18, No. 8, pp. 635--644, 1996 Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All fights reserved 0141--0296/96 $15.00 + 0.00 ELSEVIER Joint characteristics of traditional Chinese wooden frames W. S. King Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, Ta-Hsi, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan 335, Republic of China J. Y. R i c h a r d Yen Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Hsing University, Tai-Chung, Taiwan, Republic of China Y. N. Alex Y e n Department of Architecture Engineering, China College of Industry and Commercial Management, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China (Received July 1994; revised version accepted October 1995) The wooden frames of the remains of traditional Chinese architecture were built up using plug-slot type of beam-to-column connections without using any metal nails or bolts. One type of these connections commonly found in primary frames has been studied. Three different types of artificially degraded connections that imitate those deteriorated conditions naturally were investigated experimentally. The behaviour of these connections is found to be semirigid. They can be simulated by a three-parameter connection model. The effects of semirigid connections on frames were also studied through tests and the second-order elastic analysis by the Newton-Raphson method. It is shown that the behaviour of the frame is dominated by the characteristics of the connections. The proposed numerical method can accurately predict the response of the partially restrained wooden frame. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. Keywords:timber construction, flexible connection, analysis nonlinear 1. Introduction Timber structures have been commonly used in southern China. The existence of ancient buildings such as temples, palaces, memorials and houses is evidence of this. A typical traditional Chinese wo.~len frame is shown in Figure 1. Figure I A traditional Chinese wooden frame The connections, defined as the Chinese-type connections in this paper, were purely slot-plug type without any other fasteners. Many of these structures were constructed over 100 years ago and have now seriously deteriorated. The degradation of connections is found to be the principal cause of the deterioration. Several research directions have been discussed by the ASCE Committee on Wood ~. There are some researches on the behaviour of wooden connections in various categories. For example, finite element analyses have been carried out by Hunt and Bryant2 on a variety of laterally loaded nail joint details. Load-displacement characteristics and failure modes of metal-plate-connected wood truss joints have been studied and reported by Gupta and Gebremedhin3. They pointed out that the failure of the joints was due to the interaction of the wood and the teeth. The results are useful for nonlinear analysis and the design of metal-plateconnected wood truss. 635 636 Joints of traditional Ch

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