936Energy&Fuels2006,20,936-945
DynamicModelingandSimulationofCatalyticHydrotreating
Reactors
Fabia´nS.Mederos, MiguelA.Rodr ´guez, , JorgeAncheyta,*, ,§andEnriqueArce§
InstitutoMexicanodelPetro´leo,EjeCentralLa´zaroCa´rdenas152,Col.SanBartoloAtepehuacan,Me´xicoD.F.07730,FacultaddeIngenier ´a,UNAM,CiudadUniVersitaria,Me´xicoD.F.04510,andESIQIE-IPN,
UPALM,Me´xicoD.F.07738
ReceiVedDecember6,2005.ReVisedManuscriptReceiVedMarch9,2006
Thispaperdescribesadynamicheterogeneousone-dimensionalmodeloftrickle-bedreactorsusedforcatalytic
hydrotreatingofoilfractions.Themodelconsidersthemainreactionsinthehydrotreatingprocessofoilfractions:hydrodesulfurization,hydrodenitrogenation,andhydrodearomatization.ThedynamicmodelwasfirstvalidatedusingexperimentaldataobtainedinanisothermalpilotreactorduringhydrotreatingofvacuumgasoiloveracommercialNiMocatalyst.Then,themodelwasappliedtopredictthedynamicbehaviorofacommercialhydrotreatingreactor.Changesinconcentration,partialpressure,andtemperatureprofilesareobtainedanddiscussedasafunctionofreactoraxialpositionandtime.Thesimulationsobtainedwiththeproposeddynamicmodelshowedgoodagreementwithexperimentaldata.
1.Introduction
Catalytichydrotreating(HDT)isoneofthemostimportantprocessesinthepetroleum-refiningindustryfromtechnical,economic,andenvironmentalpointsofview.HDTprocesshasbeenusedforover60yearstoreducethepollutingcompoundcontent(sulfur,nitrogen,aromatics,etc.)infossilfuelsandtofulfilltheapplicablelegalnormsofgasemissions.Nevertheless,forthenextyears(inmid-2006),newregulationswillbeappliedworldwideandautomotivefuelswillhavetomeettheso-calledultralowsulfurspecifications(30ppmingasolineand15ppmindiesel).1Amongotherchanges(i.e.,newreactordesign,useofnewgenerationcatalysts,etc.),theseenvironmentalrestric-tionswillforcetherefineriestoincreasetheseverityintheoperatingconditionsoftheHDTplantstomatchthesemorestringentspecifications.2-4Withthesenewreactionseverityconditions,thebehaviorofHDTreactorswillbealtered;forinstance,lighthydrocarbonsmaybeproduced,H2consumptionwillincrease,theyieldofliquidfuelwillreduce,reactordelta-Twillalsoincrease,etc.Tofacethissituation,refinersrequireeitherdetailedexperimentaldataormathematicalmodelingtoolsthatallowthemtounderstandthephenomenaoccurringintheHDTreactor,withthemainpurposeofestablishingtheoptimaloperatingconditions.
Exceptfornaphthahydrodesulfurization(HDS),inwhichagas-solidfixed-bedreactorisused,reactorsemployedinallHDTapplicationsoperateintrickle-bedflow.Atrickle-bedreactor(TBR)consistsofacocurrentdownwardflowofgasandliquidoverafixedbedofcatalystparticles(poroussolids)
*Towhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed.E-mail:jancheyt@imp.mx.
InstitutoMexicanodelPetro´leo. UNAM.
§ESIQIE-IPN.
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10.1021/ef050407vCCC:$33.50©2006AmericanChemicalSociety
PublishedonWeb04/13/2006
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