英语国家概况复习资料

英语国家概况

一、The influence of the Wars of the Roses玫瑰战争的影响

1、It seriously weakened the old feudal nobility.

2、It further weakened the feudalism and manorialism had already declined by the beginning of the Tudor reign.

3、Objectively, it was beneficial to the development of money economy and capitalism.

二、the brief introduction to Constitutional Monarchy in Britain.英国君主立宪制介绍

1、The British Monarchy is hereditary. The King or Queen is the head of state, the

commander-in-chief of the armed forces the head of the Judicature in the UK and the temporal head of the established Church of England.

2、Every act of the state is dined in the Queen’s name. Every letter sent out by government department is posted in an envelope marked “On Her Majesty’s Service”. All ministers in the government are appointed by her every official is her servant. The Queen summons, prologues and dissolves Parliament. She concludes treaties and declares war. She gives her assent to bills before they become law.

3、Practically everything she does is done on the advice of her ministers, and everything has been decided by Parliament or the Prime minister in advance. The vital power lies in the Prime Minister and his Cabinet.

4、The Queen’s real importance lies in its effect on public attitude and she is also a constant symbol for the whole nation. And she is the only legal and constitutional link binding the members of the Commonwealth to the home country.

三、The brief introduction to British central government英国中央政府介绍

1、The British government is the supreme administrative institution that manages state affairs.

2、The Cabinet is the core of leadership of the British government. The cabinet is made up of the Prime minister, the Lord President of Privy Council and the heads of the most important departments. Every important decision is made and carried out by the Cabinet, which directs and controls the armed forces, the police the courts the prisons and others.

3、The Prime Minister is the head of the central government. He or she has the duty to report the government work to the King or Queen has the right to direct all the departments and solves the issues between them. He or she has the last word in deciding the government policy. He or she has the power of appointment and reorganizing the government.

4、The administrative class is responsible for advising ministers on policy, for forecasting the possible effects of new measures and regulations and for tackling any difficulties in carrying out the policies. The executive class is responsible for the daily conduct of the department’s business. The clerical class is engaged in all the usual clerical work.

四、英国法院系统介绍 The brief introduction to British Judicature

1、The supreme judicial body in the UK is the House of Lords.

2、In Britain there are central courts and local courts. Central courts include the House of Lords, Privy Council, the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal. The house of Lords is the civil and criminal court. The Privy Council accepts and hears appeals from the courts of member states of the British Commonwealth, colonies, protectorates and trust territories. The Court of Appeal has the right to accept appeals from the High Court of Justice. The High Court of Justice can be divided Chancellor Division dealing with the questions of company law, bankruptcy, trusts and some other matters of the same type and

第1页下一页