unit 10

自考英语2下笔记

Text A The Campaign for Election

P.240

斜体字部分：

1. Although presidential elections occur every 4 years, many people feel that they do not have a true understanding of how presidential campaigns operate.

every 4 years相当于every fourth year，意思是"每四年、每隔四年"；every other year意思是"每隔一年"。

第一段：

1. The winner in the November general election is almost certain to be either the Republican or the Democratic

nominee.

be certain to意思是"一定"；certain的搭配还有：be certain of和be certain that，两者意为"确信"，前者后接名词短语，后者接从句；另有be sure to，be sure of和be sure that等固定搭配；either … or …意思是"要么…要么…"。

2. A minor-party or independent candidate, such as George Wallace in 1968, John Anderson in 1980, or Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996, can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but stands almost no chance of defeating them.

stand / have a chance of … 意思是"有可能…"

第二段：

1. A major-party nominee has the critical advantage of support from the party faithful.

the party faithful意为"本党派忠实信徒"，the faithful是the + adj.结构，这是名词化形容词。

2. Earlier in the twentieth century, this support was so firm and steady that the victory of the stronger party's

candidate was almost a certainty.

so … that …意思是"如此…以致于…"；另有such … that …，so + adj. / adv., such + n.

3. Warren G. Harding accepted the 1920 Republican nomination at his Ohio home, stayed there throughout most of the campaign, and won a full victory simply because most of the voters of his time were Republicans.

该句有三个并列的谓语动词：accepted, stayed和won；of his time意思是"他那个时代的"。

4. Party loyalty has declined in recent decades, but more than two-thirds of the nation's voters still identify

themselves as Democrats or Republicans, and most of them support their party's presidential candidate.

two-thirds（三分之二）是分数词，分子是基数词，分母是序数词，分子是一，分母用单数形式，分子超过一，分母用复数形式；identify … as …意为"把…当作"。

5. Even Democrat George McGovern, who had the lowest level of party support among recent nominees, was

backed in 1972 by nearly 60 percent of his party's voters.

who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰George McGovern；back在此处是动词，意思是"支持"。

P.241

第二段：

1. Presidential candidates act strategically.

2. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action, they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.

本句的whether不可替换为if，因为后面有不定式短语to pursue …；表示"是否"的词有whether和if，但在下列5种情况下，宜用whether，而不可用if：

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