英美概况

1.Constituency:The United Kingdom is divided into 635 districts,of nearly equal population,known as constituencies.Each Constituency is to elect member of Parliament.
2.Safe seats:It refers to a Constituency who always gives its most votes to the same party no matter who the candidate is.
3.Shadow cabinet:As soon as the results of general elections are published,everybody knows which party will govern Britain in next few years.The former government has to assume the role of the Opposition Party who can only form its shaddow cabinet.
4.Sheep devour men:Unlike China,the UK used to rely on wool as the principal fibre.The profitable woolen industry once turned England into a country where Sheep devour men because large tracts of agriculture fields were converted into grazing-land and tenants were driven off.Britain was then a nation of sheep farmer and cloth maker.
5.Mercantilism:Mercantilism rested on the belief that the world's wealth was finite,that one person or nation could grow rich only at the expense of another,and that a nation's economic health depended,therefore,on selling as much as possible to foreign lands and buying as little as possible from them.
6.The Thirteen Colonies:The term used for the colonies of British North America that joined together in the American Revolution aganist the mother country,adopted the Independence in 1776,and became the United States.
7.American Revolution:The struggle by which the Thirteen Colonies on the Atlantic seaboard of North American won independence from Great Britain and became the United States.It is also called the American War of Independence.
8.Cold War:It is a period of political,economical and ideological conflict after WWII marked by political tension and an arms race betweem the Soviet Union and the United States.
9.Federalism:-creats a working partnership between the two levels of government:national government and state government.Power is divided between the two levels of government.
10.Civil Rights Movement:The American Civil Rights Movement refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial segregation against African Amercans and restoring suffrage in Southern states.
11.必要及适当条款：Congress also has implied powers derived from the neces-sary-and-proper clause of the Constitution which permits Congress"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers,and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States,or in any department or officer thereof".
12.WASPs:WASPs (White-Anglo-Saxon Protestants)have been the dominant ethnic group in the US because historically they were the dominant British immigrants who colonized the New World and then founded the independent United States.
13.Protestantism:-is a movement within Christianity that originated the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation.It is considered to be one of the three p

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