科技英语——名词化结构翻译

科技英语第三次课_名词化结构翻译_2课时

Characteristics of English for Science and Technology

General Use of Nominalization

Nominalization

In linguistics, nominalization is the use of a verb or an adjective as a noun, with or without morphological transformation, so that the word can now act as the head of a noun phrase. <The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed, is called morphology. <单词的内部结构的研究，以及单词形成的规律，被称之为形态学。>

名词化指的是把动词、形容词通过一定的方式如加缀、转化等转换成名词的语法过程。

名词化转换形式

1) 用名词替代动词

例1. The paper analyzes the problem and solves it. 在科技英语中则通常说：

The paper gives an analysis of the problem and offers a solution.

例2. You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash. 插入一条斜线便可以纠正错误。

在科技英语中则通常说：Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a slash. 在这组例子中，名词化发生在两个地方，rectify-rectification, insert-insertion, 经过名词化处理后，含有两个诸位结构的复合句变成了只含一个主谓结构的简单句，从而使句子的结构更加精炼，也由于使用抽象名词替代原来的人称代词做主语而使句子的语体更加正式。

2) 用名词替代形容词

例3. It is doubtful how accurate the results are. 结果的正确性值得怀疑。也可以表示为：The accuracy of these results is doubtful.

3) 用名词替代句子

例4. If the experiment is done by this method, there will be some loss of equipment. 用这种方法做实验设备会有一些损失。可以表示为：

The doing of the experiment by this method will entail some loss of equipment.

第1页下一页